Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which an artificial opening is created in the trachea (windpipe) through the front of the neck to ensure airway patency and facilitate breathing.

Indications:
- Need for long-term mechanical ventilation
- Airway obstruction due to cardiovascular or other serious conditions
- Narrowing of the airway due to neck or throat tumors, infections, or trauma
- Chronic airway problems or injuries
- To relieve breathing difficulties

Procedure:
- Performed under general anesthesia
- A small incision is made in the front of the neck, and an opening is created in the trachea
- A tracheostomy tube is inserted
- The patient can breathe comfortably through the tube
- Patient is monitored postoperatively; in some cases, the tube remains for an extended period

Benefits:
- Opens the airway and facilitates breathing
- Reduces dependence on mechanical ventilation
- Prevents airway narrowing
- Improves overall respiratory efficiency

FAQs:
1. How long does a tracheostomy stay in place?
- Temporary for some patients; long-term for others.
2. Is the procedure painful?
- No pain during surgery; minimal discomfort may occur afterward.
3. How is the tracheostomy tube cleaned?
- Cleaning is performed by medical personnel or trained caregivers.